Impamvu 5 Kontineri nini zishobora gupfunyika ziruta amakasi gakondo mu bijyanye n'imodoka

Intangiriro

Ibikoresho by’imodoka byinjira bishingiye ku kwimura ibice ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bifite igihe gito, umwanya muto wo hasi, n’umuvuduko uhoraho w’ikiguzi. Muri icyo gihe, gupakira si amahitamo y’ibikoresho gusa ahubwo ni ingenzi mu gutwara neza, gukoresha umurongo, kugabanya ibyangiritse, no kugabanya ubukungu bw’ibikoresho. Ibikoresho binini bishobora gupfunyika birimo kwiyongera kuko bikemura intege nke nyinshi z’ibikapu bisanzwe icyarimwe, cyane cyane muri sisitemu nini kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Iyi nkuru isobanura impamvu eshanu zifatika ziruta gupakira bikomeye, kuva ku gukoresha neza ibikapu no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bisubira inyuma kugeza ku kunoza imiterere n’uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora ku batanga ibicuruzwa, ububiko, n’inganda ziteranya ibikoresho.

Impamvu amakontena menshi ashobora gupfunyika arimo kuvugurura uburyo imodoka zinjira mu modoka

Imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa by’imodoka iri mu miyoboro ikomeye kandi iyobowe neza mu rwego rw’inganda ku isi. Imodoka imwe ya moteri ikoresha umuriro igizwe n’ibice bigera ku 30.000 bitandukanye, mu gihe imodoka zigezweho zikoresha amashanyarazi zigifite ibice bigera ku 15.000 kugeza ku 20.000. Gucunga urujya n’uruza rw’ibi bice kuva ku batanga ibikoresho bya Tier 1, Tier 2, na Tier 3 kugeza ku miyoboro y’ibikoresho bya mbere (OEM) bisaba ibisubizo byo gupakira bishyira imbere ikoreshwa ry’umwanya, kurinda ibice, no kwihuta mu guhindura ibintu. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda zahinduye cyane kuva ku gupakira ibintu biremereye kandi bidahinduka bijya ku ibisubizo byakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki, bishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Kugira ngo bakore neza ubwo bwinshi bw'ibikoresho, abashinzwe gutegura ubwikorezi barimo kureka amasanduku asanzwe akomeye n'ibyuma bishyirwamo. Ahubwo, guhuza amakontena manini apfunyika imodoka Sisitemu zagaragaye nk'ingamba y'ingenzi yo kunoza urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho byinshi. Mu kureka amapaki arimo ubusa agasenyuka gato ugereranyije n'ingano yayo ya mbere, aya makonteneri agezweho akemura ibibazo by'ubukungu n'iby'ubukungu byagiye bibangamira imikorere y'imodoka.

Igitutu cy'ibiciro, imikorere myiza ku ruhande rw'umurongo, n'uburyo bwo gupakira ibintu mu buryo busanzwe

Mu rwego rw'imodoka ruhanganye cyane, ikiguzi cy'ubwikorezi ni igitutu gikomeye, akenshi kikaba kiri hagati ya 4% na 8% by'amafaranga yose akoreshwa mu gukora imodoka. Gutwara amakontenari adafite ibintu kandi akomeye ku bayatanga ni igikorwa kidatanga agaciro gitwara ingengo y'imari nini yo gutwara imizigo. Amakontenari menshi apfunyika yibasira ubu buryo budakora neza mu kugabanya cyane ingano y'ibicuruzwa bisubizwa. Iyo abashinzwe ubwikorezi bashobora gushyira amakontenari menshi yaguye ku ikamyo igarura imizigo ugereranije n'amasanduku akomeye, ikiguzi cyo gutwara kuri buri gare kiragabanuka, bigatanga ubutabazi bwihuse ku ngengo y'imari y'akazi gake.

Uretse kuzigama imizigo gusa, izi kontineri zituma habaho imikorere myiza mu ruganda rukora imodoka. Inganda zigezweho zikoresha cyane uburyo bwo gutanga imodoka mu gihe cya Just-In-Time (JIT) na Just-In-Sequence (JIS), aho umwanya ku ruganda uba ugenwe neza. Kontineri zisanzwe zishobora gupfunyika, akenshi zihuye n'ibipimo rusange nka 1200x1000mm cyangwa 1200x800mm, zemerera imodoka ziyobora (AGVs) n'abakoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwikora (line-side) gufata ibikoresho mu buryo buteganyijwe. Byongeye kandi, gushyiraho uburyo busanzwe bwo gupakira ibicuruzwa mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bikuraho gukenera kongera gupakira cyangwa kwimura ibice bivuye mu dusanduku tw'abatanga ibicuruzwa bikajya mu byumba by'imbere, bikagabanya amasaha y'akazi kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibice mu gihe cyo kwimura ibicuruzwa.

Ibintu bibabaza imodoka, amakontena gakondo adashobora gukemura

Ibikoresho gakondo, nk'ibyuma bipfundikiye, udusanduku twa pulasitiki dukomeye, n'amasanduku y'ibiti akoreshwa rimwe gusa, byongera ububabare bwinshi bukomeje mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa by'imodoka. Ikibazo kigaragara cyane ni igipimo cyabyo cya 1: 1 cyo kugaruka. Iyo agasanduku gasanzwe gakomeye kamaze gusukurwa ku murongo w'iteraniro, gafata ingano ya cube imwe ku ikamyo igarura ibintu nkuko byameraga iyo yuzuye. Ibi bituma ibigo bitanga ibicuruzwa byishyura ibiciro by'ubwikorezi kugira ngo byohereze umwuka udafite ikintu urimo ku bagurisha, bikongera ibura ry'abashoferi no kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Byongeye kandi, gupakira bisanzwe akenshi ntibigira imiterere myiza kandi irinda ibintu nk'uko biteganywa n'amabwiriza agezweho yo guteranya. Ibikoresho bikomeye by'icyuma bishobora gupima ibiro birenga 100 birimo ubusa, bigatera ibibazo by'umutekano no kwangiza imiterere y'ibikoresho ku bakozi bo mu bubiko. Amasanduku y'ibiti atanga ivumbi, ibice by'imisumari, n'inzara zirekuye zishobora kwanduza ibice by'imodoka byoroshye, bigatuma habaho imiterere mibi ibangamira inzira z'inganda zikora. Plastike zisanzwe zikomeye, nubwo zisukuye kurusha ibiti, zikunze kwangirika iyo zikoreshejwe cyane kandi ntizishobora gusanwa byoroshye, bigatuma zitabwa cyangwa zisimbuzwa imburagihe.

Ni iki gisobanura sisitemu y'ibikoresho by'imodoka bishobora gukururwa

Sisitemu y'ibikoresho byinshi bishobora gupfunyika si agasanduku ka pulasitiki gusa; ni umutungo wakozwe neza cyane wagenewe guhangana n’ingorane z’imiyoboro y’ibikoresho by’inganda. Mu rwego rw’imodoka, izi sisitemu zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu buryo bunoze kugira ngo zihuzwe neza na sisitemu zo kubika no kugarura ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwikora (AS/RS), ibikoresho bisanzwe bya forklift, hamwe n’ahantu ho gufata ibikoresho bya robots. Gusobanukirwa ibisobanuro bya tekiniki by’izi sisitemu ni ingenzi ku bahanga mu by’itumanaho bashinzwe kugura imodoka.

Izi sisitemu zirangwa n'inkuta zazo zifatanye, zifatanye n'urufatiro rukomeye rw'ipaki binyuze mu migozi ikomeye. Iyo ipaki irimo ubusa, umukozi ashobora kurekura imigozi yihariye kugira ngo ipfundike inkuta ku rufatiro. Iri hinduka rihindura ipaki y'imizigo myinshi ikayihindura ipaki idakomeye, bigatuma ifunguka ry'ibikoresho rikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu rigaragara nk'urusobe rw'ibikoresho bigezweho.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imodoka

Imikoreshereze y'imodoka isaba imiterere ihamye kugira ngo habeho umutekano, kuramba, no guhuza. Agasanduku gasanzwe gashobora gupfunyika k'imodoka gakunze kugira ikirenge cya mm 1200x1000, gafite uburebure bwa mm 975, gatanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara imbere bwa litiro zigera kuri 840. Ukurikije uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo, utu dusanduku twakozwe kugira ngo dushobore gutwara imizigo ihindagurika (mu gihe cyo kugenda) kuva kuri kg 500 kugeza kuri kg 900, n'imizigo idahindagurika (iyo ishyizwe mu bubiko) kugeza kuri kg 3000. Iki gipimo gikomeye cy'imbaraga n'uburemere kigerwaho binyuze mu miterere y'imigozi n'imvange za polymer zigezweho.

Uburyo bwo gupima no koroshya ibice byoroshye ni ingenzi cyane. Inyinshi mu modoka zifite inzugi zo kumanuka (inzugi zo kwinjira) ku mpande imwe cyangwa ebyiri. Izi nzugi zemerera abakoresha umurongo kugera hasi mu gikoresho cyo hasi batarenze imipaka yo kugeramo, itegeka ko abakoresha badakwiye kurenga urugero rwa cm 40 kugira ngo bakuremo ibice biremereye. Byongeye kandi, uburemere bw'igikoresho bugenzurwa cyane; ubwoko bwiza bwo gupfunyika bukozwe muri polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) busanzwe bupima hagati ya kg 40 na kg 55, bigatuma abakozi bashobora kuzikoresha mu buryo bwizewe iyo zirimo ubusa.

Ibikoresho binini bishobora gupfunyika ugereranije n'amasanduku asanzwe

Itandukaniro mu mikorere hagati y’ibikoresho binini bishobora gupfunyika n’ibikoresho bisanzwe bikomeye ni rigaragara cyane, cyane cyane iyo hasesenguwe ikiguzi cy’ubuzima n’ikoreshwa ry’ahantu. Nubwo ibikoresho bikomeye bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubaka igice kimwe kidafite ibice bigenda, ntibishobora kwihuza n’imiterere y’imiyoboro y’ibikoresho ifunze. Ibikoresho bipfunyika bitanga imigozi n’imigozi, bisaba ko ibintu birushaho guhindagurika mu gukora ariko bigatanga inyungu nyinshi mu kuzigama ikirere.

Nkuko bigaragazwa mu igereranya, inyungu nyamukuru y’iyi sisitemu ipfunyika ni uko ifite igipimo cyo kugarura ibintu kirimo ubusa. Akabati gakomeye gakomeza uburebure bwako bwa mm 975 mu buryo buhoraho, mu gihe agasanduku gapfunyika kamanuka kakagera kuri mm 320 kugeza kuri mm 340. Uku kugabanya ingano kwemerera abatanga serivisi zo gutwara ibintu gukusanya udusanduku twaguye cyane, bigahindura imiterere y’imari y’ibikoresho byo gutwara ibintu n’ububiko.

Iyo amasanduku gakondo agifite ishingiro

Nubwo hari ibyiza byinshi byo kuzingira sisitemu, haracyariho ahantu hihariye ho gupfunyika imodoka aho amasanduku asanzwe cyangwa imitako yihariye y'ibyuma ari byo bigishoboka cyane. Itandukaniro ry'ibanze rikubiyemo gutwara ibintu biremereye cyane, bifite imiterere idasanzwe, cyangwa ibintu byoroshye cyane birenga imipaka y'ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bisanzwe. Urugero, moteri z'imbere zikora neza, imitako ya chassis, n'ibice binini by'umubiri bikunze gusaba imitako y'icyuma ikozwe mu buryo bwihariye ifite imiterere yihariye kugira ngo idahinduka mu gihe cyo kuyitwara.

Byongeye kandi, amakontena asanzwe akomeye ashobora kuba afite akamaro mu bijyanye n'imiyoboro y'ibikoresho ikoreshwa cyane. Iyo umucuruzi wo mu cyiciro cya mbere aherereye hafi y'uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya OEM—akenshi rwitwa pariki y'abatanga ibicuruzwa aho intera iri munsi ya kilometero 5—amafaranga yo kuzigama mu gutwara ibintu aturuka mu kuzipfunyika ashobora kudakuraho igihe cy'akazi gasabwa kugira ngo zisenyuke kandi zishyirweho. Muri izi nzira ngufi cyane, uburyo bworoshye bwo gupfunyika amakontena akomeye rimwe na rimwe bushobora gutuma ikiguzi cyose cy'ibikorwa kigabanuka.

Impamvu amacupa menshi ashobora gupfunyika arusha amapaki gakondo

Impinduka kuva ku gupakira ibintu bya kera kugera kuri sisitemu zigezweho zishobora kugaruzwa ziterwa n'ibipimo by'imikorere bipimwa mu ruhererekane rwose rw'ibicuruzwa. Ibikoresho binini bishobora gupfunyika zihora zirusha izindi zisanzwe mu byiciro hafi ya byose bipimirwa, kuva ku kuzigama amafaranga kugeza ku ngaruka ku bidukikije. Mu gukemura impamvu nyamukuru zitera imyanda mu buryo bw'ibikoresho, izi gahunda zitanga inyungu nyinshi ku ishoramari.

Kugira ngo bumve impamvu iyi mikorere ishoboka, abashinzwe gutegura ibijyanye n'ibikoresho bagomba kureba kure y'igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura umutungo. Agaciro nyakuri k'ibipfunyika bipfunyika kaboneka mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi, binyuze mu kuzigama ibicuruzwa, kugabanya kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa, igihe cyo kubikoresha cyihuta, no guhuza n'amabwiriza yo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu kigo.

Amafaranga yo gutwara no kubika ibintu ni make

Akamaro gakomeye k’amakontena menshi ashobora gupfunyika ni ukugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gutwara no kubika. Mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho byo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, kontena isanzwe ifite metero 1.8 ishobora kwakira ibirenge 26 bisanzwe byo gukandagira hasi. Iyo amakontena akomeye ashyizwe hamwe mu burebure butatu, kontena igera ku bushobozi bwayo ntarengwa bwo gukandagira mu makontena yose 78. Ibi bivuze ko ikigo gishinzwe gutwara ibintu kigomba kohereza ikamyo imwe kuri buri kontena 78 z’ubusa zisubijwe ku mucuruzi.

Ibikoresho binini bishobora gupfunyika bihindura cyane iyi mibare. Iyo bipfunyitse kugeza kuri mm 320, ibi bigega bishobora gupakirwa kugeza ku burebure icyenda muri gare imwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gare imwe ifite metero 53 ishobora gutwara ibigega 234 bishobora gupfunyika. Iki gipimo cya 3 kuri 1 gikuraho neza ibiri muri buri makamyo atatu agaruka, bigatuma imizigo isohoka igabanywa hagati ya 60% na 70%.

Ikiguzi cyo kubika ibintu nacyo kiragabanuka. Ahantu ho kubika ibintu mu nganda zikora imodoka hagurwa amafaranga menshi, akenshi arenga $10 kuri metero kare buri mwaka. Mu gusenya ububiko burimo ibintu, inganda zishobora kongera kugarura 75% by'aho hantu hahoze hagenewe kubika ibintu bitagira amazi, bigatuma ubwo butaka bufite agaciro gakomeye bushobora kongera gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bitanga umusaruro.

Kurinda ibice no gukoresha neza ibikoresho

Uretse ubushobozi bw'ahantu, amakontena menshi ashobora gupfunyika atanga uburinzi bwiza ku bice, bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye igipimo cy'ibyangiritse n'ivugurura. Ibice by'imodoka, cyane cyane ikoranabuhanga, imashini zikozwe mu injection, n'ibice by'imodoka bikoresha ikoranabuhanga, bishobora kwangirika cyane n'umukungugu, ubushuhe, no kwangirika kw'ingaruka. Amakontena ashobora gupfunyika afite inkuta zoroshye imbere n'imipfundikizo ifata neza ituma ibidukikije birushaho kuba byiza. Iyo bihujwe n'imyenda yihariye cyangwa amasahani akozwe mu buryo bwa thermoformed, aya makontena ashobora kugabanya igipimo cy'ubusembwa buterwa n'ingendo kugeza kuri 15% ugereranije n'uduseke tw'insinga cyangwa amasanduku y'ibiti.

Ubushobozi bwo gufata neza ibintu nabwo bwarushijeho kunozwa cyane. Guhuza inzugi zo kumanuka bituma abakozi bashobora gukuramo ibice biremereye mu buryo bwizewe batishingikirije ku nkuta ndende z'igisanduku gikomeye, bigabanya ingaruka z'imitsi n'amagufwa. Byongeye kandi, urufatiro rw'ibikoresho bizingwa rufite inzira enye zo kwinjiramo no gufunga impande, bigatuma habaho guhuza neza n'ibikoresho byikora kandi bikagabanya igihe gisabwa n'abashinzwe ibikoresho cyo gupakira no gupakurura amakamyo.

Gushyigikira intego zo kubungabunga ibidukikije no kongera gukoresha

Inganda z’imodoka ziri munsi y’igitutu gikomeye cy’amategeko n’abaguzi kugira ngo zigabanye ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije, kandi gupakira bigira uruhare rugaragara muri iki gikorwa. Amakontena menshi ashobora gupfunyika ashyigikira cyane intego zo kubungabunga ibidukikije no kongera gukoresha. Yakozwe cyane cyane mu bwoko bwa Polyethylene (HDPE) cyangwa Polypropylene (PP) yasubijwemo cyangwa yasubijwemo mu rwego rwo hejuru, aya makontena afite igihe cyo gukora cy’imyaka 5 kugeza kuri 7, kandi amara igihe kinini cy’ibikorwa byo gutanga ibicuruzwa.

Bitandukanye n'amakarito ashobora gukoreshwa cyangwa amapaki y'ibiti akoreshwa rimwe gusa ashyirwa mu myanda, amasanduku ya pulasitiki ashobora guhungwa akora mu buryo buzinze. Mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwayo, amasanduku yangiritse ashobora gusenywa, gushonga no gushyirwa mu masanduku mashya, bigatuma ashobora kongera gukoreshwa 100%. Byongeye kandi, mu gukuraho 60% kugeza kuri 70% by'ingendo zo kugaruka, gushyiraho amasanduku ashobora guhungwa bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye imyuka ya Scope 3 ya dioxyde de carbone (CO2) ihumanya ikirere, bigafasha ibigo bikurura ibidukikije kugera ku ntego zabyo zikomeye za ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance).

Uburyo abatanga imodoka bagomba gusuzuma amasoko n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa

Guhindura uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa by'imodoka kuva ku gupakira bisanzwe ukajya ku ruganda rushobora gukururwa ni igikorwa gisaba amafaranga menshi kandi gisaba igenamigambi ryimbitse. Kugira ngo iyi gahunda igere ku ntego, biterwa cyane no guhitamo umufatanyabikorwa ukwiye mu nganda no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gushyira mu bikorwa mu byiciro bigabanya ihungabana ry'umusaruro ukomeje.

Abatanga imodoka n'ibigo bitanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu bagomba gusuzuma uburyo bwo gupakira ibintu, atari ku giciro cy'imodoka gusa, ahubwo no ku buryo imiterere y'imodoka ihagaze neza, inkunga y'ubuhanga, ndetse no guhuza imiyoboro y'ibikoresho. Gukoresha nabi imodoka bishobora gutuma habaho ibura ry'imiyoboro, guhagarara kw'imiyoboro, ndetse n'igihombo gikomeye mu by'imari, bigatuma isuzuma rikomeye riba ingenzi.

Impamyabumenyi y'umutanga serivisi n'ubufasha mu by'ubwubatsi

Gusuzuma uruganda rukora amakontena bitangirana no gusuzuma ubushobozi bwarwo mu buhanga n'impamyabushobozi z'ubuziranenge. Abatanga amakontena bagomba kuba bafite nibura icyemezo cya ISO 9001 na ISO 14001. Kubera ko amakontena y'imodoka agomba kwihanganira imitwaro ikomeye, uruganda rugomba kuba rufite ubushobozi bwo gushushanya amakontena, akenshi rukenera imashini nini zigera kuri toni 3000 kugeza kuri toni 4000 kugira ngo rukore ibirindiro binini n'inkuta bidafite aho bibogamiye mu buryo bufatika.

Ubufasha mu by’ubuhanga ni ingenzi cyane. Umutanga serivisi agomba kuba ashobora gutanga amakuru yuzuye y’ibizamini, harimo ibyavuye muri ASTM D642 (ubudahangarwa bwo gukanda) na ASTM D880 (ibizamini by’ingaruka). Byongeye kandi, abafatanyabikorwa beza mu gupakira batanga igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibipfunyika mu nzu, bagenzura ko ibikoresho birinda imbere bihuye neza n’ibipimo by’imbere by’ikintu gishobora gupfunyika, bigatuma igice cy’ibice byiyongera mu gihe birinda ko ibice bihura n’ibice mu gihe cyo kunyuramo.

Intambwe zo gushyira mu bikorwa ihinduka

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ntirigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa nk'ihinduka ritunguranye, rikorwa muri sisitemu yose. Uburyo busabwa ni uguhindura ibintu mu byiciro, bitangirira kuri gahunda y'igerageza ku murongo ugenzurwa cyane kandi w'ibikoresho byinshi. Umupilote usanzwe umara iminsi 60 kugeza kuri 90, bigatuma amatsinda y'ibikoresho akurikirana igihe nyacyo cyo gukora, kugenzura ko imizigo yazigamwe, no gukusanya ibitekerezo bivuye ku bakora ku ruhande rw'umuyoboro ku bijyanye na ergonomics n'uburyo bwo kuyitwara.

Muri iki cyiciro, kubara ingano ikwiye y'imodoka ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe kontineri zibura. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ingano y'imodoka ni: Ingano y'imodoka = (Igihe cy'urugendo mu minsi x Umubare w'igice cya buri munsi) + Umuvuduko. Mu rwego rw'imodoka, umuvuduko wa 10% kugeza kuri 15% ni wo usanzwe ukoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe gutinda ku buryo budasubirwaho, ibikenewe mu kubungabunga, n'imbogamizi zo gutwara abantu. Iyo inzira y'umupilote igaragaje ko ikora neza kandi imibare y'imodoka yemejwe, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rishobora kwagurwa mu turere dutandukanye mu bandi batanga serivisi bo mu cyiciro cya mbere.

Isuzuma ry'ibyago by'imikorere n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko

Kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’inganda z’imodoka ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Kontineri zigomba guhuza n’amabwiriza ngenderwaho n’imikorere yashyizweho n’inzego zo mu karere nka Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) muri Amerika ya Ruguru cyangwa Odette mu Burayi. Kutubahiriza aya mahame bishobora gutuma kontineri zangwa n’uburyo bwo kubika ibintu bwikora cyangwa ntizishyirwe neza mu modoka zisanzwe.

Isuzuma ry’ibyago mu mikorere rigomba kandi gukemura ikibazo cyo gutakaza amakontena. Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara mu miyoboro y’amapaki ihuriweho cyangwa ishobora kugaruzwa ni "kugabanuka," aho amakontena ajugunywa, abikwa, cyangwa yibwe, mu bihe byashize yari afite igihombo cya 5% ku mwaka ku mitungo itarakurikiranwa. Ingamba zigezweho zo gushyira mu bikorwa ibi zigabanya ibi binyuze mu gushyira tagi za RFID cyangwa utudomo twa IoT mu nkuta za pulasitiki mu gihe cyo gukora. Mu gukurikirana neza ubwikorezi bw’amakampani, sosiyete zikora ku giti cyazo zishobora kugabanya igihombo cya buri mwaka kikagera munsi ya 1%, zirinda ishoramari ryazo ry’imari kandi zigatuma ibikoresho bisohoka bidatinze.

Uburyo bwo gufata icyemezo niba ishoramari rikwiye

Amaherezo, icyemezo cyo kuvugurura umuyoboro w’ibikoresho gishingiye ku mpamvu zikomeye z’imari. Imodoka nini itwara imizigo Sisitemu isaba amafaranga menshi y’ibanze yo gukoresha mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, kuko plastike zipfunyika zikozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki zifite igiciro kinini kurusha amasanduku y’ibiti cyangwa udusanduku tw’ibikoresho duto.

Ariko, iyo usesenguwe binyuze mu isuzuma ry’ikiguzi cyose cy’ubukode (TCO), inyungu z’amafaranga akenshi ziruta ikiguzi cy’ibanze. Mu kwerekana inzira zihariye z’ibicuruzwa, ingano y’ibice, n’ibiciro by’imizigo, abashinzwe imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa bashobora kubaka urugero rw’ubucuruzi rushishikaje kandi rushingiye ku makuru kugira ngo ruvugururwe.

Uburyo bwo kubara amafaranga wishyuye ukurikije umurongo n'igare

Kubara igihe cyo kwishyura bisaba gutandukanya ikiguzi cy'uruhererekane rumwe rw'ibicuruzwa. Tekereza ku rugero aho ikigo cy'ubucuruzi gikoresha inzira ya kilometero 300. Agasanduku k'icyuma gikomeye cyangwa pulasitiki gashobora kugura $150, mu gihe agasanduku gakomeye gashobora kuzunguruka gagura $220. Niba imizigo isohoka kuri karivero idafite ikintu kinini ifite metero 1.200 igura $1.200, gusubiza udusanduku 78 dukomeye bigura $15.38 kuri buri gasanduku. Gusubiza udusanduku 234 duzunguruka muri ako gasanduku kamwe bigura $5.12 gusa kuri buri gasanduku, bigatuma umuntu azigama amafaranga yo gutwara 10.26 kuri buri rugendo.

Hakoreshejwe ubu buryo, igiciro cy’amadolari 70 cy’isanduku ishobora gupfunyika gisubizwa mu ngendo zigera kuri 7. Hashingiwe ku kuzigama kw’inyongera ku byo umuntu akeneye mu bubiko, ibice bike byangiritse, n’ikiguzi cy’abakozi gito, igihe gisanzwe cyo kwishyura amasanduku y’imodoka ashobora gupfunyika ku mihanda irenga kilometero 200 gihora kiri hagati y’amezi 12 na 18. Iyo igihe cyo kwishyura kimaze kugerwaho, kuzigama imizigo bikomeza kugabanuka ku musaruro w’ikigo mu gihe cy’imyaka 5 kugeza kuri 7 cy’isanduku.

Ubuyobozi bw'ibyemezo ku batanga serivisi z'ubucuruzi n'abatanga serivisi mu byiciro bitandukanye

Ku batanga ibicuruzwa bya OEM na Tier, icyemezo cyo gushora imari kigomba kugengwa n'ingano y'ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa n'imiterere y'umuyoboro w'itumanaho. Niba umutanga ibicuruzwa yohereza ibicuruzwa bike (urugero, biri munsi y'ibice 1.000 ku kwezi) cyangwa akorera gusa ku nzira ngufi cyane munsi ya kilometero 80, ishoramari mu bikoresho bizingwa rishobora gufata igihe kirekire kugira ngo rigabanuke. Muri ibi bihe, gupakira ibicuruzwa bishobora gukoreshwa cyangwa indege zikomeye zisanzweho bishobora kuba bihagije by'agateganyo.

Ku rundi ruhande, kuri gahunda zitwara ibintu byinshi zohereza ibice birenga 10.000 ku kwezi mu nzira zo mu karere cyangwa mpuzamahanga, guhindura ububiko bw'ibikoresho bizingwa ni ingenzi cyane. Abacuruzi b'ibicuruzwa bagomba gutegeka ikoreshwa rya sisitemu zizingwa zisanzwe mu mabwiriza yabo yo kohereza ibicuruzwa kugira ngo barebe ko imiyoboro y'itumanaho ikurikizwa. Abacuruzi b'ibicuruzwa bo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nabo bagomba gukoresha izi sisitemu kugira ngo baganire ku masezerano meza yo gutwara ibicuruzwa no kugaragaza ko biyemeje kugera ku ntego za OEM zo gukomeza no gukora ibintu mu buryo buboneye.

Mu gusoza, amakuru agaragaza neza ko amasanduku asanzwe akomeye atagifite ibikoresho byo guhangana n’ibibazo by’imari n’iby’ikirere by’inganda zigezweho z’imodoka. Mu gushora imari mu buryo bukomeye bwo gufunga amakontena menshi, abafatanyabikorwa mu modoka bashobora gukuraho imyanda mu miyoboro yabo y’ibikoresho, bakarinda ibice bifite agaciro gakomeye, kandi bakubaka uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho ruhamye kandi ruhendutse rushobora gushyigikira umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga bizaza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru ku bikoresho binini bipfunyika by'imodoka
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki amakontena manini apfunyika ari meza kurusha amasanduku asanzwe mu bijyanye n'imodoka?

Bigabanya ingano y'ibintu bivamo ubusa inshuro zigera kuri 3-4, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gutwara imizigo, byongera ikoreshwa ry'umwanya ugana ku ruhande rw'umuhanda, kandi birengera ibice kurusha ibiti cyangwa amasanduku y'ibyuma biremereye.

Ni ibihe bice by'imodoka bikwira neza mu bikoresho binini bipfunyika?

Bikora neza ku bice biciriritse kugeza binini, ibice bito, n'udupaki tw'udusimba dushobora kugaruka, cyane cyane ibice bigenda bisimburana hagati y'abatanga ibicuruzwa n'inganda zikora ibikoresho bya OEM.

Ni gute ibikoresho bipfunyika bifasha mu gutanga JIT na JIS?

Imiterere yabo isanzwe ifasha imodoka zitwara imizigo (AGVs), ibyuma bitwara imizigo (forklifts), n'abakoresha gucunga ibice byazo mu buryo buhoraho, bigabanya kongera gupakira, bizigama umwanya wo hasi, kandi bigatuma ibyuma bikomeza kuzura ku ruhande rw'imodoka.

Ese amakontena manini apfunyika ahuye n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gutwara imodoka?

Yego. Imiterere y'imodoka ubusanzwe igenewe intambwe zisanzwe nka 1200x1000mm cyangwa 1200x800mm kandi ihuzwa na forklifts, AS/RS, na sisitemu nyinshi zo gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwikora.

Ni iki abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma mbere yo guhitamo ikintu kinini gishobora gupfunyika?

Emeza ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, uburebure bupfunyitse, aho ukandagira, imbaraga zo gupakira ibintu, amahitamo yo gusiga ibintu, ubushobozi bwo gusana, no guhuza ibice byawe, raki, forklifts, hamwe n'imikorere y'uruganda.