Kongera Umutekano w'Ibicuruzwa: Gupakira Bateri za EV zidafite icyemezo kidateganywa n'amategeko

Intangiriro

Uko umusaruro n'itangwa rya bateri za EV n'izibika ingufu biva mu mahanga byihuta, gupakira byabaye igice cy'ingenzi cy'umutekano w'ibicuruzwa aho kuba icyemezo gisanzwe cy'ibikoresho. Kubera ko bateri zishingiye kuri lithium zigenzurwa nk'ibikoresho biteje akaga, gupakira bikoreshwa mu kwimura utunyangingo, modules, na packs bigomba gukora ibirenze kurinda kwangirika: bigomba kugabanya ibyago byo gukoresha amashanyarazi make, kwihanganira ingaruka, no gushyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko mu gutwara. Iyi ngingo isobanura impamvu gupakira byemewe na UN bifite agaciro mu nganda nshya za bateri zitanga ingufu, ingaruka zishobora gufasha mu kugenzura, n'uburyo guhitamo gupakira neza bishobora kurinda ibicuruzwa, kwirinda ihungabana rihenze, no gukomeza ubwizigirwa mu mikorere mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.

Impamvu gupakira byemewe na UN ari ingenzi ku bateri nshya z'ingufu

Kwihutisha kwihuta kw'ingufu nshya (NEV) n'urwego rwo kubika ingufu ku rwego rwa grid byahinduye cyane uruhererekane rw'amashanyarazi ku isi. Kubera ko igikenewe ku isi hose cya litiyumu-iyoni (Li-iyoni) na bateri za solid-state biteganijwe ko kizarenga 3.5 TWh mu 2030, ingano y'ibikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi binyura mu mipaka mpuzamahanga byatumye habaho kugenzura bikomeye amategeko. Kubera ko izi bateri zirimo imiti ihindagurika ishobora guteza ubushyuhe bukomeye, zishyirwa mu byiciro by'ibikoresho biteza akaga (Ibicuruzwa Biteje Akaga byo mu cyiciro cya 9).

Mu by’ingenzi mu kugabanya ibyago byo gutwara imodoka ni uburyo bwo gupakira bufite icyemezo cya UN. Byakozwe kugira ngo bihangane n’ingaruka mbi, birinde inzira ngufi, kandi birinde ikwirakwira ry’ubushyuhe, ibisubizo bifite icyemezo cya UN si udusanduku two kugenzura gusa kubahiriza amategeko—ni ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi. Ku bayobozi b’abahanga mu by’ubuhanga n’amasoko, guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gupakira bufite aho buhuriye bituma umusaruro munini ushobora kugera ku mirongo y’imodoka mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kandi mu mutekano nta mbogamizi zishingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka ku mutekano w’abaturage.

Ingaruka z'umutekano, ihungabana, n'izina

Ikibazo cy’ingenzi giterwa na bateri nshya z’ingufu ni ukubura kw’ubushyuhe—kunanirwa gucika aho ubushyuhe bw’imbere bw’akaremangingo kamwe burenga dogere selisiyusi 600 vuba, bigasohora imyuka ihumanya kandi bigatwika uturemangingo twegeranye. Iyo ibi bibaye mu gihe cyo kugenda, gupakira bisanzwe ntibitanga uburyo bwo gukumira, bigashyira mu kaga amato atwara abantu, indege n’abakozi.

Uretse ibyago by’umutekano, gukoresha uburyo bwo gupakira butubahirije amategeko bitera ingorane zikomeye zo guhungabanya imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa. Inzego zishinzwe ibyambu n’abashinzwe kugenzura indege bakunze gufata ibicuruzwa bidafite ibyangombwa bya Loni cyangwa bagakoresha uburyo bwo gupakira ibihimbano. Ku bigo bikorera ku gihe cyagenwe (JIT), ibicuruzwa bifatiwe rimwe bishobora guhagarika umurongo w’ibicuruzwa, bigatwara ibihumbi by’amadolari ku isaha mu gihe cyo gukora nta kintu na kimwe. Byongeye kandi, kwangirika kw’izina guturuka ku nkongi y’imodoka ijyanye no gupakira nabi bishobora guca burundu amasezerano y’abatanga ibicuruzwa ba Tier-1.

Ingufu z'ubucuruzi mu nganda zikora bateri

Nubwo kubahiriza amategeko bidashoboka, abakora bateri bahura n'ikibazo gikomeye cy'ubucuruzi kugira ngo bongere ubwishingizi bw'ibikorwa. Ubwikorezi n'ibipfunyika muri iki gihe bigira hafi 8% kugeza 12% by'ikiguzi cyose cya bateri ya EV. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abahanga mu gupakira bashinzwe kongera imikorere myiza y'ubwikorezi—gushyira modules nyinshi cyangwa uturemangingo mu gikoresho gisanzwe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa—batirengagije inzitizi z'uburemere bw'ibipimo by'icyemezo cya Loni.

Iyi mihindagurikire itera ikibazo gikomeye cyo kunoza imikorere. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gupakira ibintu mu buryo burenze urugero byongera uburemere bw'imodoka, bikongera ikiguzi cy'imizigo no kugabanya imikorere myiza y'imodoka. Ku rundi ruhande, gukoresha uburyo buciriritse bishobora gutuma habaho gutsindwa kw'ibizamini bya UN byo kugabanya no gukusanya ibikoresho. Intsinzi mu nganda nshya z'ingufu zitanga ingufu isaba kugira uburinganire buhamye: gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho, byoroheje cyangwa ibyuma by'ubwubatsi bitsinda icyemezo cya UN mu gihe bigabanya ikiguzi cyagabanutse kuri kilowati y'isaha itwarwa.

Amabwiriza n'amabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye yo kohereza bateri

Ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga bw'ibikoresho biteza akaga bugengwa n'amabwiriza y'icyitegererezo cya Loni, akoreshwa nk'ishingiro ry'uburyo bwihariye bwo gutwara ibintu nk'amabwiriza ya tekiniki y'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w'Indege za Gisivili (ICAO), Amategeko Mpuzamahanga y'Ibicuruzwa Biteje Akaga byo mu Nyanja (IMDG), n'Amasezerano y'i Burayi yerekeye gutwara ibicuruzwa biteza akaga mu muhanda (ADR).

Ku nganda nshya zikora bateri zikoresha ingufu, aya mabwiriza agena uburyo bwo gupima neza, ibisabwa mu miterere, n'imbogamizi mu mikorere. Urugero, hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya IATA ajyanye n'ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere, bateri za UN3480 lithium-ion zigomba koherezwa ku giciro cya Leta (SoC) kitarenze 30% by'ubushobozi bwazo, kandi zisaba imiterere yihariye yo gupakira kugira ngo hirindwe ko amashanyarazi yangirika ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuyangiza.

Gushyira mu byiciro ibicuruzwa biteje akaga ku turemangingo, modules, na packs

Bateri za Lithium-ion zishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biteje akaga byo mu cyiciro cya 9, ariko umubare wihariye wa UN uterwa n'imiterere y'ibyoherezwa. Utunyangingo twigenga, modules, na packs byoherezwa munsi ya UN3480 (bateri za Lithium ion). Iyo bateri ipakiye ibikoresho ikoresha, iba munsi ya UN3481 (bateri za Lithium ion zipakiye ibikoresho), kandi iyo ishyizwe mu bikoresho, iba mu cyiciro cya UN3481 (bateri za Lithium ion ziri mu bikoresho).

Buri cyiciro gifite amabwiriza atandukanye yo gupakira (urugero, PI 965 kuri UN3480). Bateri za EV zifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru akenshi zirenga uburemere busanzwe, akenshi zipima hagati ya kg 400 na kg 800. Izi paki nini zisanzwe zikenera ibyangombwa bya Large Packaging (LP), nka UN 50A (icyuma kinini gipakira) cyangwa UN 50B (aluminium), zikorerwa isuzuma ryihariye rigenewe abakozi baremereye.

Amanota, ibizamini, n'amabwiriza ya Loni

Ikimenyetso cya Loni gitanga incamake yemewe na bose y'ubushobozi bwa paki. Umurongo usanzwe, nka 4A/Y20/S/23/USA/M1234, igaragaza ubwoko bw'ibipfunyika (4A ku gasanduku k'icyuma), Itsinda ry'ibipfunyika ryujuje (Y ku Itsinda rya II ry'ibipfunyika), uburemere ntarengwa mu biro (20), ibikubiye mu bipimo (S ku binini), umwaka w'ikorwa (23), igihugu cyemewe, na kode y'uruganda.

Kugira ngo ubone iri garanti, gupakira poroteyineri bigomba gutsinda ibizamini bikomeye by’umubiri. Ibi birimo ikizamini cyo kugwa cya metero 1.2 ku cyerekezo cyinshi kugira ngo bigane uburyo bwo gufata ibitonyanga, n’ikizamini cyo gupakira aho ipaki igomba kwihanganira umutwaro uhoraho ungana n’umurundo wa metero 3 z’ibipaki bimwe byapakiye mu gihe cy’amasaha 24 nta guhindagurika kw’imiterere bishobora kwangiza bateri.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi ku matsinda ashinzwe amasoko n'ubwubatsi

Amatsinda y’abahanga mu gupakira no gutanga ibicuruzwa agomba guhuza imiterere yabyo n’ingaruka zikomoka ku buhanga bwa bateri n’imiterere yayo. Itsinda rya Loni rishinzwe gupakira ibicuruzwa (PG) rigena urwego rw’akaga k’ibicuruzwa kandi rigagena uburyo bwo gupakira bukenewe. Bateri nyinshi zisanzwe za Li-ion zikenera gupakira PG II (Akaga ko Hagati), mu gihe bateri zangiritse cyangwa zifite inenge zisaba gupakira PG I (Akaga ko Hagati).

Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bagomba kugaragaza aho bateri inyura—nk’imashini zirinda guhindagurika, imashini zigabanya umuriro, n’udusanduku tw’ibisebe tudashya—kugira ngo bateri idashobora guhinduka mu gihe cyo kuyitwara, bityo birinde kwangirika kw’aho inyura no guhagarara. Iteraniro ryose (agasanduku k’inyuma hamwe n’imashini zisohoka imbere na bateri) rigomba gupimwa no kwemezwa ko ari igice kimwe, gifatanye.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya uburyo bwo gupakira bwemewe na UN

Hashingiwe ku gushyiraho ingamba zo kubahiriza amategeko, ibigo bigomba guhitamo imiterere y’ibipfunyika ijyanye n’umuvuduko w’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo gutwara, n’intego zo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Isoko ritanga ibisubizo bitandukanye byemejwe na Loni kuva ku makarito ya fiberboard ashobora gukoreshwa kugeza ku byuma biremereye kandi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa bifite uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibintu bya IoT.

Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ibintu bisaba isesengura ry’Ikiguzi cy’Ubucuruzi (TCO). Nubwo agasanduku k’ibikoresho bya corrugated gakoreshwa rimwe gashobora kugura $15, agasanduku k’icyuma gashobora kongera gukoreshwa kagenewe ingendo hagati ya 50 na 100 kazaba gafite amafaranga menshi y’ibanze ariko gashobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gupakira ku bicuruzwa byose mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi yo gukora mu nganda.

Ubwoko bwiza bwo gupakira ku turemangingo, modules, na packs

Imiterere ya bateri ni yo igena uburyo bwiza bwo gupakira. Utunyangingo tw’inyuma cyangwa utw’imbere twoherezwa mu bwinshi akenshi dupakirwa muri UN 4G (udusanduku twa fibreboard) cyangwa UN 4H2 (udusanduku twa pulasitiki ikomeye) hakoreshejwe udusanduku twa pulasitiki twabumbwe cyangwa uduce dutandukanya uduce kugira ngo dutandukanye utunyangingo. Ibi byongera ubucucike ku gutwara utunyangingo twinshi.

Ku birebana na modules za bateri zo hagati, udusanduku twa UN 4A (icyuma) cyangwa UN 4B (aluminium) ni two dukundwa cyane. Izi nyubako zikomeye zirinda utubari tw’imodoka n’amapine yo gukonjesha ya modules kwangirika kw’ikinyabutabire. Packs za bateri za EV zakusanyijwe neza, zifite imiterere minini kandi zigoye, zoherezwa hafi ya zose mu byuma bya UN 50A byakozwe mu buryo bwihariye cyangwa mu masanduku akomeye afite imifuka ya forklift hamwe n’ahantu hakomeye ho gufunga kugira ngo imodoka zigende neza cyangwa zigende neza mu mazi.

Ibiciro, kongera gukoresha, n'impinduka mu mikorere

Guhitamo hagati yo gukoresha rimwe (rishobora gukoreshwa) n'iry'uburyo bwinshi (rishobora kongera gukoreshwa) bishingira ku murongo w'ibikoresho. Gupfunyika bishobora kongera gukoreshwa bigira akamaro cyane mu miyoboro y'ibikoresho ifunze—nk'iyo gutwara modules kuva ku ruganda rukora uturemangingo tujya ku ruganda rukora udupaki. Ubusanzwe, igenamiterere ry'imari rigaragaza aho rigarukira hagati y'amasaha 12 na 15; uretse ibi, udusanduku tw'ibyuma bishobora kongera gukoreshwa cyangwa udupaki twa pulasitiki dukomeye dutanga inyungu nziza.

Ibisubizo by'ipaki byihariye ugereranije n'ibisanzwe

Gupakira bisanzwe, nk'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya VDA KLT bikoreshwa cyane mu rwego rw'imodoka mu Burayi, byemerera abakora ibicuruzwa kubona amakontenari yemewe na UN kuva ku isoko, bigakuraho igihe cyo gukora. Ibisubizo bisanzwe ni byiza ku turemangingo twa prismatic cyangwa ingano ya module isanzwe.

Ariko, imiterere y’amapaki ya EV yihariye ikunze gusaba gupakira ku giti cyayo. Gutegura igisubizo cyihariye cyemewe na UN bisaba ishoramari rikomeye mbere y’igihe, aho ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho bya thermoformed dunnage trays gitangwa kuva ku madolari 15.000 kugeza ku madolari 40.000, hamwe n’ikiguzi cyo gupima icyemezo cya UN (ubusanzwe ni amadolari 5.000 kugeza ku madolari 10.000 kuri buri gishushanyo). Nubwo hari ayo mafaranga, gupakira ku giti cyayo bigabanya imyanda, bigatuma habaho ubucucike ntarengwa bw’amapaki kuri buri kontineri yo kohereza ibicuruzwa kandi bikagabanya amafaranga akoreshwa ku isi yose mu gutwara imizigo.

Intambwe zo kubahiriza amategeko n'ibijyanye n'ibikorwa kugira ngo kohereze bateri mu buryo butekanye

Kugura ibipfunyika byemejwe na UN ni intambwe ya mbere gusa; gukomeza kubahiriza amategeko mu gihe cyo gupakira no gutwara niho imiyoboro myinshi y’ibicuruzwa ihagarara. Ibikoresho byo gutwara bateri nshya bisaba uburyo buhamye bwo gukoresha (SOPs) kugira ngo harebwe ko ibipfunyika byemejwe bikoreshwa neza nk'uko byageragejwe.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi muri iki cyiciro cy'imikorere ni ugucunga ibidashoboka, cyane cyane iyo bateri zananiwe kugenzura ubuziranenge cyangwa zangiritse mu murima. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura zifata bateri za lithium-ion zangiritse zibyitondeye cyane, zigashyiraho amabwiriza yihariye yo kuzigama ashobora gucunga igitutu kigera kuri 300 kPa no gukumira ikwirakwira ry'inkongi y'umuriro hanze.

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku nganda n'amatsinda y'ibijyanye n'ubwikorezi

Imikorere y'ingenzi yo kohereza itangirira ku micungire y'ibicuruzwa (SoC) igenzurwa. Bateri zigomba kugezwa ku rugero ntarengwa rw'amategeko (urugero, 30% ku gutwara abantu mu kirere) kandi zikanabikwa. Hanyuma, bateri igomba gushyirwa mu ipaki hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwavuzwe muri raporo y'ikizamini cya Loni. Gusimbuza ubucucike butandukanye bw'ifuro cyangwa gusiba icyuma gitandukanya pulasitiki bihita bita agaciro icyemezo cya Loni.

Iyo imaze gufungwa, inyuma y'ipaki igomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyiza kandi ikashyirwaho ikimenyetso. Ibi birimo icyapa cy'ibyago bya Lithium Bateri yo mu rwego rwa 9, inomero ya UN (urugero, UN3480), n'icyapa cy'indege zitwara imizigo gusa (CAO) niba bikenewe. Amaherezo, itangazo ry'ibicuruzwa bitera akaga (DG) rigomba gukorwa n'umucuruzi wemewe w'ibikoresho bitera akaga, rigaha umucuruzi uburenganzira bwo kubahiriza ibyoherejwe.

Gufata bateri zangiritse cyangwa zifite inenge

Gufata bateri zangiritse, zifite inenge, cyangwa zasubiwemo (DDR) bitanga ibisabwa bikomeye cyane mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho. Dukurikije amabwiriza nka Special Provision 376 (ADR / IMDG), bateri za DDR zishobora kwangirika vuba cyangwa zigahinduka ubushyuhe zigomba kwimurwa mu ipaki ya UN Packing Group I (X-rated).

Izi kontineri zihariye akenshi ziba zikozwe mu cyuma gikomeye kandi zishyizwemo ibikoresho byo gucunga ubushyuhe. Gupakira imbere bisanzwe bisaba gukoresha ibikoresho bidashya, bidatwara umuriro nka vermiculite cyangwa uduce twakozwe mu buryo bwa ikoranabuhanga duhagarika umuriro (urugero, PyroBubbles). Gupakira kwa DDR kwateye imbere bishobora kandi gushyiramo sisitemu zikora zo kuyungurura umwuka kugira ngo birekure umwuka w’uburozi wa hydrofluoric (HF) mu buryo bwizewe mu gihe birimo umuriro n’ibisasu mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe.

Gutsindwa bisanzwe bitera gutinda no gucibwa amande

Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho bya batiri rirakomeye, kandi amakosa y’ubuyobozi cyangwa imikorere ahanishwa ibihano bikomeye. Amakosa akunze kugaragara arimo kohereza batiri ku gipimo cya SoC kirenze 30% binyuze mu kirere nta burenganzira busesuye bw’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha, gukoresha ibipfunyika bifite ibimenyetso bya UN bitanditse cyangwa bitazigamye, cyangwa kudatangaza neza ibyoherejwe ku nyandiko za DG.

Ingaruka z’amafaranga zo gutsindwa kw’ibi bikorwa ni zikomeye. Dukurikije amategeko ya FAA na US DOT, ibihano by’abaturage ku byaha byo kutubahiriza ibikoresho biteza akaga bishobora kurenza $80.000 kuri buri kutubahiriza amategeko, kandi kurenga ku mategeko agenga umutekano nkana bishobora gutuma habaho gukurikiranwa n’inkiko. Byongeye kandi, abatanga serivisi z’ubwikorezi n’abatwara imizigo bazahita babuza abakora ibicuruzwa bafite amateka yo gutsindwa kw’amategeko, bigatuma ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa ku isi yose bugabanuka.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo umucuruzi wemewe n'amategeko agenga gupakira

Kubera ko inshingano zo gutwara ibintu biteje akaga zireba cyane uwabitanze, guhitamo uruganda rukora ibipfunyika ni icyemezo cy’ingenzi cyo kubahiriza amategeko. Umutanga ibicuruzwa agomba kuba afite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho bikomeye gusa, ahubwo agomba no kuba afite ubumenyi mu by’amategeko kugira ngo ahindure imiterere mpuzamahanga y’ibicuruzwa biteje akaga.

Mu gusuzuma abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gukora, abakora imodoka n’abakora bateri bagomba kureba kure y’ibiciro bya buri gikoresho. Bagomba gusuzuma uburyo bwo gucunga ubuziranenge bw’umucuruzi, ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza umusaruro, n’ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira ubuzima bw’ibipfunyika, cyane cyane iyo umubare muto w’ibicuruzwa (MOQs) ku dusanduku twa UN twagenewe ushobora kuva kuri 500 kugeza kuri 2.000.

Ibipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'umutanga serivisi n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igenzura

Umucuruzi wujuje ibisabwa wa UN mu gupakira agomba gukora hakurikijwe uburyo buhamye bwo gucunga ubuziranenge, busanzwe bwemezwa na ISO 9001. Kubera ko icyemezo cya UN gitangwa hashingiwe ku rugero runaka, umucuruzi agomba kugaragaza ko ahoraho mu gukora ibintu byinshi; kunyuranya kose mu bunini bw'ibikoresho, ubuziranenge bwa weld, cyangwa ubushuhe bwa fiberboard bishobora gutuma igikoresho cy'umusaruro kinanirwa mu gihe cy'ibibazo nyabyo.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho mu igenzura bigomba kuba birimo kugenzura ko umutanga serivisi ashobora kugera ku bikoresho byemewe na ISTA. Abatanga serivisi bafite ubushobozi bwo gupima no gupima ibintu mu buryo bworoshye bashobora guhindura imiterere yihariye vuba cyane kurusha abishingikiriza gusa ku ma laboratwari y’abandi. Byongeye kandi, amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba gusaba ko ibikoresho byose bikurikiranwa neza kandi agasaba raporo z’ibizamini bya UN by’umwimerere, bitarasubirwamo kugira ngo byemeze ko ipaki yapimwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima bugaragaza ubwinshi bwa bateri n’imiterere y’umuguzi.

Guhuza iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, ikiguzi cy'ubuzima, n'uburyo imikorere ihagaze

Guhitamo kwa nyuma bisaba guhuza amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko agenga imikorere n’ibiciro by’igihe cyose ndetse no guhuza ibikorwa. Kugira ngo abaguzi bapake ibyuma bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, bagomba gusuzuma aho ibicuruzwa biherereye. Gushaka amakontena y’ibyuma biremereye ku mucuruzi wo mu mahanga bishobora kugutwara amafaranga menshi yo gutwara ibintu birimo ubusa; bityo, gushyira aho ibikoresho bipakira hafi y’uruganda runini rwa batiri akenshi biba ngombwa mu by’imari.

Abaguzi bagomba kandi gufatanya n'abatanga ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bashushanye uburyo bwo gukora. Ibi bivuze ko kontineri yemewe na UN ihura neza n'imodoka ziyoborwa mu buryo bwikora (AGVs) ku ruganda, ikwiranye neza n'amakontineri asanzwe ya ISO yo kohereza ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ikoreshe neza imiyoboro, kandi ifite uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu kugira ngo igabanye igihe cy'akazi mu gihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura ibintu. Umutanga ibicuruzwa watoranijwe neza akora nk'umuhuza w'itsinda ry'abahanga, agabanya icyuho kiri hagati yo kubahiriza amategeko agenga ibikoresho byangiza no gukora neza mu nganda.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu nyamukuru ku nganda zikora bateri nshya z'ingufu
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Gupakira bifite icyemezo cya UN bivuze iki ku bicuruzwa bya bateri za EV?

Bivuze ko paki yatsinze ibizamini bya UN by’ibintu biteje akaga kugira ngo irebe niba byangiritse, ko byashyizwe mu byiciro, kandi ko byemewe gutwara bateri zo mu cyiciro cya 9 nka selile za lithium-ion, modules, cyangwa packs.

Ni iyihe nomero ya Loni ikoreshwa kuri bateri za lithium-ion?

UN3480 ikoreshwa kuri bateri za lithium-ion zigenga. UN3481 ikoreshwa iyo bateri zipakiye ibikoresho cyangwa ziri mu bikoresho. Uburyo nyabwo bwo gushyiraho ni bwo bugena amabwiriza asabwa yo gupakira.

Kuki gupakira ibikoresho bisanzwe mu nganda bidahagije ku bateri nshya zitanga ingufu?

Gupfunyika bisanzwe bishobora kutabuza ko ibicuruzwa bikwirakwira mu buryo bugufi, gusya cyangwa gushyuha. Imiterere yemewe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye yubatswe kugira ngo icunge ingaruka mbi ku bicuruzwa no kugabanya ubwikorezi, ibyago by'inkongi, no kunanirwa kubahiriza amategeko.

Ese hari imipaka yo kohereza mu kirere kuri bateri za lithium-ion?

Yego. Ku bicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mu ndege bya UN3480, amategeko ya IATA asaba ko habaho ikiguzi kiri munsi ya 30% cyangwa munsi yabyo, hamwe n'ibisabwa mu gupakira neza, kwandikaho, n'inyandiko.

Ni ryari bateri za EV zikenera icyemezo cyo gupakira kinini?

Amapaki manini cyangwa aremereye, akenshi agera kuri kg 400–800, ashobora gusaba icyemezo cy’ubuhamya bwa “Large Packing” nka UN 50A cyangwa UN 50B, bitewe n’ibikoresho n’igishushanyo cyemewe.